台北新竹英文家教

文法–形容詞子句 (8) [ 關係副詞 when ]

之前形容詞子句只提到關係代名詞，尚未提到關係副詞。如同關係代名詞，關係副詞也是形容或修飾一個名詞。以關係副詞引導出來的形容詞子句，也稱為關係子句，它常用到的關係副詞如下：

when    – 用來修飾時間。

where    – 用來修飾地方。

why      – 用來修飾原因。

how       –用來修飾方式或方法。

各類關係副詞引導出來的形容詞子句：

1)   when的例句

      -     I never forget the day when I first met my wife.

            = I never forget the day on which I first met my wife.

            (when = on which)

            = I never forget the day that I first met my wife. (that取代when)

            =  I never forget the day I first met my wife. (省略when)

            主要子句：      I never forget the day  

            形容詞子句：   when I first met my wife    

            先行詞：          the day

            when是形容詞子句的時間關係副詞

            = I never forget when I first met my wife. (省略the day，成為名詞子句)

      -     We’ll buy a big birthday cake on my mom’s birthday when all relatives and friends get together at my parents’ house.

            ≠ We’ll buy a big birthday cake on my mom’s birthday all relatives and friends get together at my parents’ house. ( X ) (不能省略when)

            主要子句：      we’ll buy a big birthday cake on my mom’s birthday

            形容詞子句： when all relatives and friends get together at my

                                       parents’ house

            先行詞：          birthday

            when是形容詞子句的時間關係副詞

      -    During the summer when I stayed in London, I had the chance to visit many ancient castles. (when所引導的子句是形容詞子句，不會是名詞子句，因為when前面的先行詞與時間有關。)

            = During the summer I stayed in London, I had the chance to visit many ancient castles. (when所引導的子句是形容詞子句，因為省略when。)

            主要子句：      I had the chance to visit many ancient castles

            形容詞子句：   when I stayed in London

            先行詞：          the summer

            when是形容詞子句的時間關係副詞

      -    The exact time when Mr. Lin will arrive at home is critical to this party. (when所引導的子句是形容詞子句)

            = The exact time about when Mr. Lin will arrive at home is critical to this party. (這時when所引導的子句是名詞子句，因為when前面沒有先行詞，它所引導的子句是about的受詞。)

            = The exact time Mr. Lin will arrive at home is critical to this party.

            (省略when)

            主要子句：      the exact time is critical to this party  

            形容詞子句：   when Mr. Lin will arrive at home    

            先行詞：          the exact time

            when是形容詞子句的時間關係副詞

            整句的意思是：        林先生確實到家的時間對這宴會是很要緊的。

      -     I forget the day when I should give you a reply. (形容詞子句)

            = I forgot the day on which I should give you a reply.

            (when = on which)

            = I forgot the dayI should give you a reply. (省略when)

            = I forgot the day that I should give you a reply. (that取代when)

            主要子句：      I forgot the day.

            形容詞子句：   when I should give you a reply

          先行詞：          the day

            when是形容詞子句的時間關係副詞

            = I forgot when I should give you a reply. (名詞子句)

注意：
1)   請特別留意省略與取代的例子。

2)   that可以取代when。