台北新竹英文家教

 文法 – 分詞構句    (Participial Construction)

分詞構句的成立是要符合下列條件：

[ 主要子句的主詞與從屬子句(副詞子句與形容詞子句)的主詞一致 ]

(二個對等子句的主詞一致也屬同一類)

分詞構句主要是簡化從屬子句而來，最後轉變成一種分詞片語。

簡化過程：

1)將從屬子句的連接詞省略

2) 將從屬子句的主詞省略

3) 從屬子句的語態(voice)是主動，則將從屬子句的動詞簡化成[ verb-ing ]

從屬子句的語態(voice)是被動，則將從屬子句的動詞簡化成[ p.p. ]

一、簡化方式     

1.   下述子句的語態(voice)是主動簡單式，則須將子句的動詞簡化成[ verb-ing ]，同時省略子句的連接詞或關係代名詞與主詞。

1)   As Nicolas grew angrier and more frustrated, he walked away without saying a word. (副詞子句)

      = Growing angrier and more frustrated, Nicolas walked away without saying a word.

2)   Because I had a fever, I didn’t go to school today. (副詞子句)

      = Having a fever, I didn’t go to school today.

3)   Tammy is a lovely and friendly girl who has many friends in school.

      (形容詞子句)

      = Tammy is a lovely and friendly girl having many friends in school.

4)   Roger finished homework, and he went to bed at 10:00 p.m. (對等子句)

      = Finishing homework, Roger went to bed at 10:00 p.m.

2.   下述子句的語態(voice)是主動完成式，則須將子句的動詞簡化成[ having + p.p. ]，同時省略子句的連接詞或關係代名詞與主詞。

1)   Billy has lived in Vancouver for fifteen years, and he loves this city.

      (對等子句)

      = Having lived in Vancouver for fifteen years, Billy loves this city.

2)   I made a call to Mr. Shepherd who had gone to Shanghai since last week.

      (形容詞子句)

      = I made a call to Mr. Shepherd, having gone to Shanghai since last week.

3)   After Arthur had finished his project, he went on vacation with his family in Europe. (副詞子句)

      = Having finished his project, Arthur went on vacation with is family in Europe.

3.   下述子句的語態(voice)是被動簡單式，則須將子句的動詞簡化成[ being + p.p. ]或[ p.p. ]，同時省略子句的連接詞或關係代名詞與主詞。

1)   Because his dog was kept in the dog house, it barked when people passed by. (副詞子句)

      = Being kept in the dog house, his dog barked when people passed by.

      = Kept in the dog house, his dog barked when people passed by.

2)   Finally I was persuaded by my wife to buy a new car, and I went to the Toyota dealer in Burnaby to see and drive their demo cars. (對等子句)

      = Finally being persuaded by my wife to buy a new car, I went to the Toyota dealer in Burnaby to see and drive their demo cars.

      = Finally persuaded by my wife to buy a new car, I went to the Toyota dealer in Burnaby to see and drive their demo cars.

3)   Amy, who was punished for talking in class, received a detention form.

      (形容詞子句)

      = Amy, being punished for talking in class, received a detention form.

      = Amy, punished for talking in class, received a detention form.

4.   下述子句的語態(voice)是被動完成式，則須將子句的動詞簡化成[ having + been + p.p. ]或[ p.p. ]。

1)   As Carl had been scolded by his mom for his low grades, he was not allowed to hang out with us this weekend. (副詞子句)

      = Having been scolded by his mom for his low grades, he was not allowed to hang out with us this weekend.

      = Scolded by his mom for his low grades, he was not allowed to hang out with us this weekend.

2)   My two elder brothers who had been taught by Mr. Chen for six years in elementary school went to see him at his 60^th birthday. (形容詞子句)

      = My two elder brothers having been taught by Mr. Chen for six years in elementary school went to see him at his 60^th birthday.

      = My two elder brother taught by Mr. Chen for six years in elementary school went to see him at his 60^th birthday.

3)   He had been sent to prison for three months because of committing burglary, and he was caught again when he stole a woman’s purse three days ago. (對等子句)

      = Having been sent to prison for three months because of committing burglary, and he was caught again when he stole a woman’s purse three days ago.

      = Sent to prison for three months because of committing burglary, and he was caught again when he stole a woman’s purse three days ago.

注意：

1)   假若要簡化形容詞子句成為分詞構句，形容詞子句必須是使用[ who, which, that ]等關係代名詞的主格。

2)   假若要簡化副詞子句成為分詞構句，有時要保留連接詞，如此可以更明確知道整個句子的意思。

      例句–1：

After I finished homework, I went out with my friends.

      = After finishing homework, I went out with my friends.

      例句–2：

      = While I was listening to music, I received a call from my boyfriend.

      = While listening to music, I received a call from my boyfriend.

      例句–3：

      = Jane answered readily when she was called on in history class.

= Jane answered readily when called on in history class.

二、分詞構句擺放的位置

分詞構句一般是放在句首，但有時放在句尾，或放在主詞後面。

1)   Nicolas walked away without saying a word, growing more angry and frustrated.

      這句子與下述句子，他們的意思有些不一樣。[ growing angry and frustrated ]一個是發生在前，一個是發生在後。

      Growing more angry and frustrated, Nicolas walked away without saying a word.

2)   Judith, reading a lot of books, can tell us many stories.

      這句子與下述句子，他們的意思蠻接近。

Reading a lot of books, Judith can tell us many stories.

這二個句子的原貌有三個可能：

a) After Judith read a lot of books, she can tell us many stories. 表示時間的副詞子句

b) As Judith read a lot of books, she can tell us many stories. 表示原因的副詞子句

c) Judith, who read a lot of books, can tell us many stories. 形容詞子句