台北新竹英文家教

關係子句 入門 – 3  省略與簡化

1.  省略

當關係代名詞在關係子句(Relative Clause)是受詞的時候，可以省略關係代名詞。

[ 例1 ]  whom – 受詞

Sherry是我的妹妹，昨天我送她一個禮物。 (whom是sent的受詞)

Sherry is my younger sister whom I sent a gift yesterday.  

= Sherry is my younger sister I sent a gift yesterday.

(未省略前的句子 – Sherry is my younger sister whom I sent (her) a gift yesterday，這個whom可以省略，因為它的前面沒有介系詞。)

= Sherry is my younger sister to whom I sent a gift)

(未省略前的句子 – Sherry is my younger sister whom I sent a gift to (her) yesterday，之後to被移到whom前面。這個whom不能省略，因為它的前面有介系詞。)

[ 例2 ]  which – 受詞

爸爸叫我做媽媽每天做的家事。  (which是do的受詞)

Dad asks me to do housework which Mom usually does every day.

= Dad asks me to do housework Mom usually does every day.

[ 例3 ]  that – 受詞

我認識一位老人與他的狗，我在公園看過他們許多次。  (that是saw的受詞)

I know an old man and his dog that I saw many times in the park.

= I know an old man and his dog I saw many times in the park.

2.  簡化

當關係代名詞在關係子句(Relative Clause)是主詞的時候，可以簡化關係子句。

步驟1：  省略關係代名詞

步驟2： 關係子句裡的動詞是主動態，將該動詞轉變成現在分詞(verb-ing)

                 關係子句裡的動詞是被動態，將該動詞轉變成過去分詞(p.p.)

[ 例1 ]  who – 主詞  主動態動詞

數學老師要求Fred幫忙Eric，他有困難做數學作業。

Math teacher asks Fred to help Eric who has difficulty doing his math homework.

= Math teacher asks Fred to help Eric having difficulty doing his math homework.

[ 例2 ]  which – 主詞  主動態動詞

上週有一個強烈颱風，它造成很大傷害。

Last week, there was a strong typhoon which caused a huge damage.

= Last week, there was a strong typhoon causing a huge damage.

[ 例3 ]  who – 主詞  被動態動詞

Johnson先生被他的孫兒們環繞，他在對他們說一個海盜的故事害。

Mr. Johnson who was surrounded by his grandchildren told them a pirate story.

= Mr. Johnson surrounded by his grandchildren told them a pirate story.

[ 例4 ]  which – 主詞  被動態動詞

學生會作被老師告知的事情。

Students will do the things which are told by their teachers.

= Students will do the things told by their teachers.